District Wise Crop Production in Tamil Nadu

Agriculture remains the most important sector of the state economy, with about 60% of the population engaged in agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood. Tamil Nadu has a credible performance in agricultural production in which farmers are relatively more responsive and adaptable to changing technologies.

The Department of Agriculture has embraced the challenge of achieving high growth rates in agriculture by implementing various development schemes and promoting relevant technologies to increase productivity. The Indian state of Tamil Nadu has a total of 38 districts. Let’s check out district-wise crop production in Tamil Nadu.

District wise crop production in Tamil Nadu

Ariyalur

The soil is medium depth with good drainage, free from salt and calcium carbonate, pH level 6.5 to 8.0. The major horticultural crops in the Aryalwar district are Cashew, Mango, Banana, Tapioca, Tomato, Eggplant, Okra, Onion, Turmeric, and Chilli. The important crops are Paddy, Maize, Cotton, Peanut, and Sugarcane are cultivated in this district. The total common area is 76400 hectares.

Chengalpattu

Agriculture is the main occupation of the people to which 47% of the population is engaged. Peanuts, Sugarcane, Cereals Millets, and Pulses are other important crops grown. Tanks and wells along the Palar River are important sources of irrigation in the district. The majority of the people of this district are engaged in agriculture. In Chengalpattu, Rice is the major crop. Sugarcane is also cultivated in some parts of the district.

Groundnuts are also grown as a major crop in areas where / when there is a shortage of water or lack of rainfall. The Cheyyur and Thirupporur talukas are famous for their cash crops like Groundnut, Urad Dal, Moong dhal, Karamani, Seasame, etc. Vegetables like Eggplant, Okra is also grown in Thirupporur, Thirukkazhukkundram, and Madurantakam regions. Watermelons are grown in summer in Kodur, Cheyyur, and surrounding areas. Beetroot leaves were grown in Karunguzhi.

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Chennai

The major crops sown in Chennai are Rice, Jowar, Ragi, Millet, Maize, and Pulses. Some of the other crops that are widely grown in Tamil Nadu are Cotton, Sugarcane, Tea, Coffee, and Coconut. The main vegetables grown in Chennai are Tapioca, Onion, Tomato, Eggplant, and Okra. Paddy cultivation dominates crop production in the peri-urban areas around Chennai. Paddy is one of the important crops grown in Chennai.

Coimbatore

Coconut is the main crop grown in an area of about 85831 hectares. Other crops grown are Millet, Pulses, Oilseeds, Cotton, and Sugarcane. Clay, Loamy, and Calcareous black cotton soils are the types of soils found in the district. The major horticultural crops grown in the district are fruit crops like Mango, and bananas, vegetables like Tomatoes, Eggplant, Okra, and Onions, spices like Turmeric, Flowers Like Tube Roses, and Jasmine.

Cuddalore

Loamy, Clay and Alluvial soil, sandy loam, and sandy clay soil are the types of soil found in the district. The major crops grown in the district are Paddy, Maize, Black Gram, Green Gram, Sugarcane, Peanut, Gingelly, and Cotton. The major horticultural crops grown in the district are mainly Cashew, fruit crops like Banana, Sapota, Jack, Aonla, and Guava, vegetables like Tomato, Eggplant, Okra, Chilli, Tapioca, and Onion, spices like Turmeric, and plantation crops like Beetle Vine.

Dharmapuri

Loamy, Clay, Alluvial, Sandy Loam, Sandy Clay, and Acidic Clay are the types of soils found in the district. The major horticultural crops grown in the district are fruit crops like Mango, and Banana, vegetables like Tomato, Eggplant, Okra, Onion, Chilli, and Tapioca, Spices like Turmeric, Chilli, and Tamarind, plantation crops like Betel Leaf, Cocoa, and flowers like Tube Roses, Jasmine, Crossandra, Marigold, Rose, and Chrysanthemum, medicinal plants such as Coleus and Aloe vera and aromatic plants such as Palmarosa.

Paddy, Ragi, Pulses, Groundnut, Sugarcane, Cotton, Coconut, and Samai are the major crops grown. Dharmapuri is the largest horticultural strip in the entire state. This is 12% of the area under fruit cultivation in the state. Mango is an important crop grown here. Almost all vegetables and fruits are grown here.

Dindigul

The major types of soils in the Dindigul district are red soil, red sandy soil, and black cotton soil.

In plains – The main horticultural crops are grown are, fruit crops like Banana, Sapota, Guava, and Acid Lime, vegetables like Tomato, Eggplant, Okra, Chilli, Beans, and Cauliflower, flowers like Jasmine, Crossandra, Chrysanthemum, and Gomphrena and medicinal plants such as Gloriosa.

In the hills – Fruit crops such as Pears, Plums, Peaches, Hill Bananas, Acid Lime and Oranges, vegetables such as Beans, Chow Chow, Potatoes, Carrots, and Peas, Spices like Cardamom, Pepper and Garlic, plantation crops such as Coffee and Cocoa and cut flowers like Rose, Carnation, Gerbera, and Gladiolus are mainly grown in the hills.

Erode

Erode district is one of the few districts in the state famous for its agricultural products. The total cultivated area of the district is 39% of the geographical area. The major crops grown in this district are Paddy, Sugarcane, Banana, Turmeric, Groundnut, and Cotton. Erode district is well developed in agriculture.

The total area of Erode district is 1,69,815 hectares under cultivation. Horticulture crops have been cultivated in about 55,030 hectares and the major crops under cultivation are Turmeric, Jack, Banana, Mango, Guava, Tapioca, Tomato, Okra, Eggplant, and other vegetables. Of the three major fruits (Mango, Jack, and Banana), Banana is cultivated up to 12,000 hectares in this district.

Kallakurichi

Kallakurichi is one of the 3 8districts of the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Kalakorchi is an emerging agricultural district. This is an agrarian with Paddy, Maize, Sugarcane, Black Gram, etc., as major crops.

Kanchipuram

Kanchipuram is located in the northeastern agro-climatic zone of the district. Sandy loom and sandy clay loam and loamy soil are the types of soil found in the district. The major horticultural crops grown in the district are fruit crops like Mango, Banana, Sapota, and Guava, vegetables like Eggplant, Okra, Gourd, Greens, and Watermelon, spices like Chillies and Curry Leaves and flower crops such as Jasmine, Tube Rose, and Chrysanthemum.

Kanyakumari

Major horticultural crops are grown in the Kanyakumari district are Rubber, Banana, Mango, Tapioca, Pepper, Clove, Nutmeg, Arecanut, Tuberose, Chrysanthemum, etc., In total about 42,536 ha of the area covered by various Horticulture crops. Paddy is the main food crop. It is grown in two seasons. April-June (Kannipoo) and September-October (Kumpapoo). Black gram is an important crop of pulses. Coconut is an important plantation crop, widely cultivated in this district.

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The area under horticulture in the district is 65804 ha, in which planting crops occupy a large area (84%) followed by fruits (10%), spices (3%), vegetables (1%), flowers (0.2%). Rubber is a major growing crop followed by Coconut, Banana, Mango, Tapioca, Cashew, Tamarind, Palmyra, Clove, Jack, Pepper, Tea, Pineapple are major horticultural crops grown in the district.

Karur

The major crops cultivated in this district are Paddy, Millet, Pulses, Oilseeds, Sugarcane, and Banana. In general, Karur district is especially known for cultivating Moringa and Banana and other prominent crops are cultivated Tapioca, Gloriosa, Betelvine, Jasmine, Ixora, Coconut, and other vegetable crops.

Krishnagiri

It is one of the potential districts for agricultural and horticultural crop production. The major crops of the district are Paddy, Ragi, Red Gram, Cowpea, Maize, Groundnut, Horse gram, and Miner Millet. Loam and clay loam are the types of soil found in the district. The major horticultural crops grown in the district are fruit crops like Mango, Banana, and Guava, vegetables like Eggplant, Okra, Capsicum, Onion, and Chilli, spices like Turmeric, and Black Pepper, and flower crops like Rose, Gerbera, and Carnations.

Madurai

The main objective of the Madurai Department of Agriculture is to improve the economic condition of the farmers by doubling production and tripling the income. Paddy, Millet, Pulses, Cotton are the major crops grown in the Madurai district. Loam and Clay loam and Alluvial soil are the types of soil found in the district.

The major horticultural crops grown in the district are fruit crops such as Mango, Banana, and Aonla, vegetables such as Okra, Gourd, Tomato, Eggplant, Onion, and Chilli, Cashew, and Beetle Vine, and flower crops such as Jasmine and Tuberose.

Mayiladuthurai

Agriculture remains the most important sector of the economy of the Mayiladuthurai district, as a small percentage of the population is engaged in agriculture and allied activities for their livelihood. Mayiladuthurai district falls under the Cauvery Delta region and the total area under cultivation is 101818.66 hectares.

Horticulture crops have been cultivated in about 3713.63 hectares and the major crops under cultivation are Cashew, Mango, Banana, Guava, Tapioca, Chilli, Jasmine, Brinjal, and other vegetables. Various schemes are being implemented through the Department of Horticulture and Tree Planting to increase the productivity, productivity, and income of farmers.

Nagapattinam

Nagapattinam district comes under the Cauvery Delta region and the total area under cultivation is 271583 hectares. Horticultural crops have been cultivated in about 17080 hectares and the major crops under cultivation are Cashew, Mango, Banana, Guava, Tapioca, Chilli, Eggplant, and other vegetables.

Namakkal

Paddy, Sorghum, Groundnut, Green Gram, Black Gram, Maize, Cotton, and Sugarcane are the major crops of the district. The major horticultural crops grown in the district are fruit crops such as Mango, Banana, Pineapple, and Jackfruit, vegetables such as Tomatoes, Onions, and spices such as Tapioca, Pepper, and Turmeric and plant crops such as Coffee, Areca Nuts, and Betel vine.

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Nilgiris

It is located on the northwestern part of the state of Nilgiris and the Western Ghats and is bounded on the east, west, and north by Coimbatore and Erode Districts, Kerala State and Karnataka State respectively. Nilgiris is a horticultural district that is of special importance in the hilly areas of Tamil Nadu.

The temperate crops like Tea, Potato, Cabbage, Carrot, Beans, Plum, Peach, Pear, etc. are grown in height, Mandarin Orange, Coffee is grown in medium height and tropical crops like Clove, Nutmeg, Pepper, Ginger and fruits like Durian, Litchi, Rambutan, and Mango Steen are grown in the lower reaches of the district.

Perambalur

The main occupation of the Perambalur district is agriculture. Maize and cotton are the major crops of the Perambalur district. Perambalur district ranks first in Maize and Cotton cultivation in Tamil Nadu. Major crops include Small Onions, Tapioca, Turmeric, Banana, Acidlime, and other vegetables. Also, vegetables are grown in this district like Tomatoes, Eggplant, Onion, Gourd, and Tapioca, spices like Chillies and Turmeric, and flowers like Tuberose and Chrysanthemum.

Pudukkottai

The Horticulture Department deals with crops and planting crops such as fruits, vegetables, spices, and condiments. The major horticultural crops grown in the Pudukkottai district are Cashew, Banana, Mango, Acid, Guava, Tapioca, Brinjal, Chilli, Greens, Gourd, Turmeric, Marigold, Jasmine, Tube Rose, etc.

The Total area under Horticulture crops in Pudukkottai District is 15019 hectares. Pudukkottai district is located in the Cauvery Delta Agro Climate Zone. Sandy loam, sandy clay soils, and sandy river alluvium are the types of soils found in the district.

Ramanathapuram

The major horticultural crops in Ramanathapuram district are Chilli, Coriander, Mango, Brinjal, Okra, Onion, Jasmine, etc.

Ranipet

Agriculture is a key driver for food security, rural economy, and sustainable socio-economic development of farmers. Agriculture, along with its allied sectors, is the largest source of livelihood, especially in rural areas. Paddy, Millets Cholam, Cumbu, Ragi, Maize, Pulses like Red Gram, Black Gram, Green Gram, Oilseeds like Peanut, other crops like Sugarcane and Cotton are cultivated mainly in Ranipet District.

The agro-climatic conditions are favorable for the cultivation of various horticultural crops like fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, planting crops in the Ranipet district. In this district, important fruits like (Mango and Banana), vegetables (Eggplant, Okra, Chilli, Tomato, Greens, Colocasia, Gourd, Beans and Lab Lab), flowers (varieties of Jasmine, Tuberose and Marigold), spices (Turmeric and Tamarind) and plantation (Coconut) in terms of area and production.

Salem

The major horticultural crops grown in the Salem district are Mango, Banana, Tapioca, Tomato, Eggplant, Okra, Onion, Turmeric, Pepper, Pepper, Coffee, Arecanut, Chrysanthemum, Arali, Jasmine, etc. The total area of about 67,800 ha of the area covered by various Horticulture crops in this district.

Sivganga

Paddy is an important crop in the Shivganga district. Other crops grown are Millet, Cereals, Pulses, Sugarcane, and Peanuts. Sivaganga is scattered fertile soil in the region and is completely less fertile red soil. Paddy, Groundnut, Black Gram, Coconut, and Sugarcane are the major crops grown in the district.

Loamy and sandy clay are the types of soils found in the district. The major horticultural crops grown in the district are fruit crops like Mango, Banana, Guava, Jack, Sapota, and Aonla, vegetables like Okra, Tomato, Eggplant, Onion, Chilli, and Tapioca, spices like Chilli and Coriander, plantation crops like Cashew and flowers like Jasmine.

Tenkasi

Tenkasi district is an agricultural district. The district has two major seasons, Kar (June to September during the southwest monsoon) and Pishanam (November to February during the northeast monsoon). Other crops grown in the district are Maize, Pulses, Peanuts, Gingelly. In some parts of Sankarankoil Taluka, there is fertile black cotton soil which is very suitable for Cotton farming.

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Thanjavur

The major crops grown in the Thanjavur district are Paddy, Pulses, Jaggery, Groundnut, and Sugarcane. Small crops like Maize, Soybean, Red Gram are in rice fallows. Groundnuts are an important crop in the New Delta Area. Loamy, clayey, and sandy alluvial are the types of soil found in the district.

The major horticultural crops grown in the district are fruit crops such as Mango, Banana, Guava, Jack, Sapota, and Aonla, vegetables such as Okra, Tomato, Eggplant, Onion, Tapioca, Cocoa, and Beetle Vine. Flowers like Jasmine and Crossandra. Other crops grown in the district are Banana, Mango, Guava, Brinjal, Chilli, Gourd, and Tapioca.

Theni

Sandy loam, clay, and alluvial soils are found in the district. The major horticultural crops grown in the district are fruit crops like Mango, Banana, Grapes, Guava, and Aonla, tropical vegetables like Okra, Tomato, Eggplant, Onion, temperate vegetables like Cabbage, Beetroot, spices condiments like Pepper and Cardamom, and plantation crops like Coffee and Tea.

Thoothukudi (Tuticorin)

The major soil types found in this district are Loamy, alluvial, clayey, and sandy loam. The major horticultural crops grown in the district are Mango, Banana, Guava, Sapota, and Aonla, vegetables like Bhendi, Tomato, Brinjal, Onion, Tapioca, spices, and condiments like Chillies, Tamarind, and Turmeric, plantation crops like Betel Vine, and Cashew. Flower crops such as Jasmine, Chrysanthemum, Tuberose, Marigold, Rose, and medicinal plants such as Senna, Coleus, and Aloe Vera.

Tiruchirappalli

The area under horticulture in Tiruchirappalli district is 28011 hectares, in which fruits (37%) occupy a large area, followed by vegetables (34%), plantation (20%), spices (4%), flowers (3%), and medicinal crops (0.2%). It consists mainly of red loamy soil. Paddy, Millet, Pulses, Banana, Sugarcane, Cotton are the major crops grown in the district.

The major horticultural crops grown in the district are fruit crops such as Mango, Banana, Guava, and Acidic Lime, vegetables such as Tomatoes, Onions, Eggplant, and Tapioca, spices like Peppers, Coriander, Tamarind, and Turmeric, plantation crops such as Betel Vine and flower crops like Jasmine, Marigold, Crossandra, and Rose.

Tirunelveli

Loamy and Clay soil types are found in the district. The major horticultural crops grown in the district are fruit crops like Mango, Banana, Lime, and Aonla, Vegetables like Okra, Tomato, Eggplant, Onion, spices, and condiments like Chillies and Tamarind, and major flower crops are Jasmine and Rose. Other crops grown in the district are Ragi, Pulses, Groundnut, Ginger, Coconut, Chilli.

Tirupathur

The agro-climatic conditions are favorable for growing a variety of horticultural crops such as fruits, vegetables, and flowers in the district. Almost all vegetables are grown in the district. Eggplant, Okra, Tomato, Onion, Greens, Colocasia, Tapioca, Gourds, Beans, etc., are important crops in terms of area and production.

Among the spices, Turmeric, Chilli, and Tamarind are the major constituents. Flower cultivation is more in the district. Jasmine varieties, Tuberose, Crossandra and Chrysanthemum, and Rose flowers are popular. Paddy, Millets, Cumbu, Ragi, Maize, Pulses like Red Gram, Black Gram, Green Gram, Oilseeds like Peanut, other crops Sugarcane and Cotton are mainly cultivated in Tirupathur District.

Tiruppur

The types of soil found in the Tiruppur district are loamy, alluvial, and clayey. The major horticultural crops grown in the district are fruit crops such as Mango, Banana, Aonla, Sapota, and Papaya, vegetables such as Okra, Tomato, Eggplant, Onion, Tapioca, Moringa, spices, and condiments like Pepper and Turmeric, plantation crops like Cocoa, flower crops such as Jasmine, Tube Rose, Marigold, and medicinal plants such as Gloriosa and Coleus.

Tiruvallur

In general, Tiruvallur district is especially known for the cultivation of Mango, Watermelon, and Jasmine and other prominent crops under cultivation are Greens, Eggplant, Okra, Chillies, and other vegetable crops. This district is rich in a variety of horticultural crops like fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, medicinal and aromatic crops.

In general, Tiruvallur district is especially known for the cultivation of Mango, Watermelon, and Jasmine and other notable crops under cultivation are Greens, Eggplant, Okra, Chillies, and other vegetable crops.

Tiruvannamalai

Tiruvannamalai district falls under the northeastern zone and the total area under cultivation is 192174.70 hectares. Horticulture crops have been cultivated in about 27103.90 hectares and prominent crops under cultivation include Banana, Mango, Tapioca, Tomato, Chilli, Eggplant, Okra, Watermelon, Muskmelon, Gourds, Turmeric, Medicinal coleus, Lemon Grass, Palmarosa, Jasmine, Chrysanthemum, and Tuberoseand other vegetables. Bananas are widely grown in the Padavedu area.

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Tiruvarur

Tiruvarur district cultivates a variety of fruits, vegetables (10.3%), plantations, spices, and flowers. Coconut is a major growing crop followed by Banana, Tapioca, Green and Eggplant are major horticultural crops grown in the district.

Vellore

The important type of soil found in this district is Loamy, Clayey. The major horticultural crops grown in the district are fruit crops like Mango, Banana, Guava, Jack, and Sapota, vegetables like Tomato, Eggplant, Greens, and Tapioca, spices like Coriander, Tamarind, and Turmeric, and the major flower crops are Jasmine, Jathimalli, and Crossandra.

Viluppuram

Viluppuram is an important agricultural district. Viluppuram district is a major producer of state food grains. Paddy accounts for 40% of the total cultivated area in the district. Pulses are another important food crop. Black gram is a major pulses crop covering more than 80% of the total area under pulses in the Viluppuram district. The soil composition of the district consists mainly of red soil, sandy loam, and black cotton soil.

The major crops grown in the district are Paddy, Peanuts, Sugarcane, and Tapioca. Other important crops are Cashew, Black Gram, Guava, Banana, Turmeric, Chilli, Coriander, Eggplant, Coconut, etc., and other horticultural crops are also cultivated. The main horticultural crops grown in the district are Yam, Watermelon, Turmeric, Guava, and Tapioca.

Virudhunagar

Virudhunagar is located in the Southern Agro Climate Zone of the district. The major horticultural crops grown in the Virudhunagar district are Mango, Guava, Banana, Amla, Tomato, Eggplant, Okra, Onion, Coriander, Chillies, Flowers like Jasmine, Arali, Tuberose, etc. The major horticultural crops grown in the district are fruit crops such as Mango, Banana, Guava, Jack, Aonla, and Sapota, vegetables such as Tomatoes, Eggplant, Chillies, and spices such as Onions and Coriander.